The Repurposing Life

Carrot Seed Oil Health and Beauty Benefits

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable (underground plant parts eaten as food), typically orange in color, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, The oil extracted from carrot seeds has broad health and beauty benefits. There are numerous therapeutic uses for carrot seed oil. Check out our post listing various homemade carrot seed oil recipes.

Daucus carota is native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. Daucus carota, whose common names include wild carrot, bird’s nest, bishop’s lace, and Queen Anne’s lace, is a flowering (angiosperm) plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae (a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium).

Name	Scientific Name	Origin	Benefits	Caution	Storage
Carrot	Daucus carota	Native to temperate regions of Europe and southwest Asia, mainly the Middle East.	Helps Kill Fungi and Bacteria, Has Antibacterial Properties, Has Antifungal Properties, May Fight Cancer Cells, Part of Natural Sunscreen Option, Powerful Antioxidant, Gastrointestinal Tract Benefits, Supports Skin and Hair Health, Potential for Anti–Aging Cosmetic Applications, Women’s Reproductive Health, Stress and Anxiety.	Keep out of reach of children. Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Avoid if epileptic. Possible skin sensitivity. Can increase sun sensitivity (photosensitivity) in the skin. Take care when exposing your skin to the sun in the first 48 hours after applying the oil, and be sure to wear proper sunscreen.	Airtight dark glass kept in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

Description of Daucus carota

The wild carrot is an herbaceous (vascular plants), somewhat variable biennial plant (a flowering plant that completes its life cycle in two years) that grows between 30–120 cm (1–4 ft.) tall. Domesticated carrots are cultivars of a subspecies, Daucus carota subsp. sativus.

Carrot Seed Oil

Carrot seed oil is the essential oil extract of the seed from Daucus carota (or wild carrot). The oil has a woody, earthy sweet scent and is yellow or amber–colored to pale orange–brown in appearance. The pharmacologically active constituents of carrot seed extract are three flavones (flavonoids): luteolin, luteolin 3’–O–beta–D–glucopyranoside, and luteolin 4’–O–beta–D–glucopyranoside.

Unlike the extract, the distilled (essential) oil of the wild carrot is used in perfumery and food aromatization. The main constituent of this oil is carotol. Carotol was first isolated by scientists Asahina and Tsukamoto in 1925. It is one of the primary components found in carrot seed oil comprising approximately 40% of its constitution. This sesquiterpene alcohol is thought to form in carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.) during the vegetation period.

Additionally, studies have shown that carotol may be involved in allelopathic interactions (produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of organisms, these interactions can be beneficial or detrimental) expressing activity as an antifungal, herbicidal and insecticidal agent.

Carrot Oil Seed Oil Composition

Palmitic Acid (C16:0)	3.71%
Oleic Acid (C18:1)	82%
Linoleic Acid (C18:2, ⍵–6)	13.19%

The Comedogenic Rating for Carrot Seed Oil

Carrot seed oil has been rated rather high on the comedogenic scale, given a rating of 3 or 4. Due to its high content of oleic acid, this oil may not be suitable for people with oily skin, or skin that is prone to acne or other similar skin conditions. For people who have acne or sensitive skin, using the essential oil instead of the seed oil, and diluting it with a carrier oil, is best. It has an absorption rating2, meaning it has a fairly fast absorption and does not leave much of a residue on skin.

Carrot Oil, Carrot Seed Oil and Carrot Seed Essential Oil

There is a common misconception about carrot seed oil as compared to carrot oil. According to Aromatherapy Science: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals, they are often misquoted or erroneously interchanged.

Pressed carrot seed oil is extracted by cold–pressing the seeds of the carrot plant. The properties of pressed carrot seed oil are quite different from those of the essential oil. It has been used in cosmetics for its anti–aging properties. Carrot seed oil, carrot seed essential oil and carrot oil are distinctively different from one another, so pay special attention to which you’re actually purchasing:

1. Carrot oil is a common carrier or base oil. It is rich in vitamin A and is not an essential oil.
2. Carrot seed oil should always be cold–pressed extracted from the seeds of the wild carrot, Daucus carota. Extracts vary, since there are so many species of carrot. Neither carrot seed oil nor carrot seed essential oil contain vitamin A, although they both contain valuable antioxidants that help protect against disease. Carrot seed oil typically contains three bioflavonoids, all derivatives of luteolin, a cancer–fighting antioxidant found in many fruits. Carrot seed oil can be used in essential oil diffusers and various aromatherapy practices, even though it has a unique scent.
3. Carrot seed essential oil is steam–distilled and may come from either the seeds or the carrot root itself. Studies are lacking on the benefits of carrot seed essential oil, while several exist that examine the benefits of carrot seed oil.

You might also find carrot oil infusions. This is where the carrot root is soaked in a carrier oil, such as olive or coconut, and then strained. This process draws the compounds out of the root and suspends them in the fatty oil. Carrot oil infusions are usually used in cooking for added flavor.

The Taxonomy of Daucus carota

The carrot was first officially described by Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician Carl Linnaeus, who formalized binomial nomenclature, in his 1753 work Species Plantarum. In 2016, an international team sequenced the full genome of Daucus carota.

Subspecies of Daucus carota

The cultivated carrot’s only ancestor is Daucus carota. Both domestic and wild carrots are from the same species, Daucus carota L. There are several subspecies of D. carota that have evolved to different climates and atmospheres.

Two examples of these subspecies are specifically from the Netherlands. D. carota subsp. sativus has thicker and sweeter–tasting roots that can be a wide range of colors. The whorl (or verticil, an arrangement of leaves that radiate from a single point and wrap around the stem) of barbs above the spine on the vallecular ridges of the mericarp of D. carota subsp. sativus mature very well. D. carota subsp. carota has white roots that do not vary in color and, unlike D. carota subsp. sativus, have thin, bitter–tasting roots that are not edible. The middle umbellete of D. carota subsp. carota is not well developed (unlike in D. carota subsp. sativus) and the color of the flower can vary from red to deep purple.

The Etymology of Daucus carota

The word is first recorded in English circa 1530 and was borrowed from Middle French (from the 14th–16th century) carotte, itself from Late Latin (from the 3rd–6th centuries CE, and into the 7th century in the Iberian Peninsula) carōta, from ancient Greek (1500 BC–300 BC., often divided into: Mycenaean Greek, Dark Ages, Archaic period and Classical period) καρωτόν karōtón, originally from the Proto–Indo–European root *ker– (“horn”), due to its horn–like shape.

In Old English (or Anglo–Saxon, the earliest recorded form of the English language), carrots (typically white at the time) were not clearly distinguished from parsnips: the two were collectively called moru or more from Proto–Indo–European *mork– “edible root”, cf. German Möhre or Russian морковь (morkov). Various languages still use the same word for carrot as they do for root; e.g. Dutch wortel.

Distribution and Habitat of Daucus carota

Native to temperate regions (in the middle latitudes, between the tropics and the Poles) of Europe and southwest Asia (mainly the Middle East), the plant was spread to North America and Australia where it became was naturalized (phenomenon through which a foreign species integrates into a new ecosystem, capable of reproducing and growing). The plant is commonly found along roadsides and in unused fields. It thrives best in sun to partial shade.

The Cultivation of Daucus carota

This beneficial weed (an invasive plant that is edible, contributes to soil health or adds ornamental value) can be used as a companion plant (agricultural practice of growing different crops in proximity for pest control, pollination, maximizing use of space or to increase productivity).

Like most members of the Umbellifer family, in its native geography it will attract predatory pollinators (wasps) that kill many garden pests; however, in geography where it has been naturalized, it will attract very few wasps. In northeast Wisconsin, when planted with blueberries, it succeeded in attracting pollinators (butterflies and wasps). 

This species is also documented to boost tomato plant production when planted nearby, and it can provide a microclimate (a localized set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas) of cooler, moister air for lettuce, when intercropped (agricultural practice of growing two or more crops in proximity simultaneously on the same field).  However, the states of Iowa, Michigan and Washington have listed it as a noxious weed (or harmful weed, a plant designated by a governing authority as injurious to crops, ecosystems, humans or livestock), and it is considered a pest in agricultural pastures. It persists in the soil “seed bank” (the natural storage of dormant seeds in the soil of an ecosystem) between 2–5 years.

The Many Uses of Daucus carota

Like the cultivated carrot, the D. carota root is edible while young, but it quickly becomes too woody to consume. The flowers are sometimes battered and fried. The leaves and seeds are also edible.

D. carota bears a close resemblance to poison hemlock, and the leaves of the wild carrot may cause phytophotodermatitis (known as “berloque dermatitis” or “margarita photodermatitis”, a skin reaction resulting fr4om contact with a phytochemical followed by exposure to UV light), so caution should also be used when handling the plant.

The seeds and flowers have been used as a method of contraception (a form of birth control) and an abortifacient (any substance that induces abortion) for centuries. If used as a dyestuff (colored substance), the flowers produce a creamy, off–white color.

D. carota, when freshly cut, will draw or change color depending on the color of the water in which it is held. This effect is only visible on the “head” or flower of the plant. Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) also exhibit this effect. This occurrence is a popular science demonstration in grade school.

The Phytochemistry of Daucus carota

Skin contact with the foliage of Daucus carota, especially when wet, can cause skin irritation (allergic dermatitis) in some people. It may also have a milder effect on horses.

Polyacetylenes (organic compounds with alternating single and triple bonds) can be found in Apiaceae vegetables like carrots where they show cytotoxic (toxic) activities. Falcarinol (a natural pesticide and fatty alcohol found in carrots, red ginseng and ivy) is naturally found in Daucus carota for protection against fungal diseases. Lab tests show falcarinol to be toxic to mice and the water flea Daphnia magna (a small planktonic crustacean of the subclass Phyllopoda).

Falcarindiol (cis–heptadeca–1,9–diene–4,6–diyne–3,8–diol) is also naturally found in Daucus carota. Falcarindiol shows antifungal activity towards Mycocentrospora acerina (a deuteromycete fungus plant pathogen) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (mold). Falcarindiol is also the main compound responsible for bitterness in carrots. Normal consumption of carrots has no toxic effect in humans.

The essential oil of D. carota subsp. carota is composed of monoterpene hydrocarbonsm (46.6%), oxygen containing monoterpenes (29.5%), geranyl acetate (29.0%), α–pinene (27.2%), oxygen containing sesquiterpenes (15.6%), 11αH–himachal–4–en–1β–ol (9.2%), limonene (9.0%), carotol (6.2%), β–pinene (4.5%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (3.5%), myrcene (2.5%), (e)–methyl isoeugenol (1.4%), γ–terpinene (1.4%), β–himachalene (1.3%), α–longipene (1.0%), camphene (0.9%), z–β–ocimene (0.4%), e–β–ocimene (0.4%), e–β–caryophyllene (0.4%), α–humulene (0.4%), β–bisabolene (0.3%), caryophyllene oxide (0.2%), terpinen–4–ol (0.1%), verbenone (0.1%), geraniol (0.1%), bornyl acetate (0.1%), p–cymene (0.1%), germacrene D (0.1%), sabinene (0.1%), and trace amounts of α–thujene, α–terpinene and linalool. Carrot seed oil is also rich in natural antioxidants like vitamin A and carotene.

Other compounds such as pyrrolidine (also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is present in the leaves), 6–hydroxymellein (a dihydroisocoumarin phenolic compound), 6–methoxymellein (a dihydroisocoumarin phenolic compound), eugenin (a chromone derivative), 2,4,5–trimethoxybenzaldehyde (gazarin) or (Z)–3–acetoxy–heptadeca–1,9–diene–4,6–diin–8–ol (falcarindiol 3–acetate) can also be found in carrots.

The Cultural Significance of Daucus carota

Both written history and molecular genetic studies indicate that the domestic carrot has a single origin in Central Asia. The history of Daucus carota and its cultivation in different parts of the world can be traced back through historical texts and artwork. The wild carrot probably originated in Persia (regions of which are now Iran and Afghanistan), which remains the center of diversity for the wild carrot Daucus carota, and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The Health Benefits of Carrot Seed Oil

Among its more popular uses, carrot seed oil can be included in skin care and hair care products as a protective agent. The oil has long been used in traditional medicine to treat a range of conditions. In Chinese medicine, for instance, carrot seed essential oil has been used to expel worms and to treat dysentery.

Carrot seed essential oil is made up of various chemical constituents which give it so many of its medicinal properties. These properties include antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti–inflammatory, antioxidant, depurative (eliminates toxins), carminative (relieves gas), emmenagogue (stimulates or increases menstrual flow) and vermifuge (expels intestinal worms) or antiparasitic actions.

If you’re interested in greater detail, read this PDF on the Carrot Seed Oil Health and Beauty Benefits. The most common health benefits attributed to carrot seed oil are discussed below.

1. Helps Kill Fungi and Bacteria

The most thoroughly researched quality of carrot seed oil is its ability to kill certain bacteria and fungi. Some of these pathogens are common and of particular concern in developing countries, where carrot seed oil may provide a unique and accessible way to fight illness. The bacteria and fungi that seem to be the most affected are:

• Dermatophytes—Keratin is required for these fungi to grow, it typically affect the skin, nails and hair. Infections from dermatophytes typically affects the hair, skin and nails and result from direct contact with people, animals and soil infected with the fungus. A 2009 study showed antifungal activities of oils extracted from wild carrots growing in the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts, these antifungal activities are especially high in the Sardinian carrot oil.
• Alternaria alternata—this fungus lives on leaves and can cause rot and blight in crops, especially impacting farmers with limited resources. A 2004 study found that the main constituent of carrot seed oil, carotol, inhibited the radial growth of this fungi by 65%.
• Escherichia coli—An E. coli infection can cause diarrhea and, in some rare extreme cases, anemia and kidney failure. In a 2013 study, carrot seed essential oils were tested against one Gram–positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram–negative foodborne bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium), as well as against a pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans), all the essential oils exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities against the microorganisms.
• Acinetobacter—Strains of the Gram–negative bacterium Acinetobacter cause a number of serious infections including UTIs, pneumonia and secondary meningitis. It is most often seen in a hospital environment. In a 2017 study, undiluted essential oils obtained from green carrot seeds showed a large inhibition spectrum against Gram–positive strains and also vs. Acinetobacter spp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which is most likely to cause infections in patients with a weak immune system including cancer and cystic fibrosis patients, and people undergoing immunosuppressive treatments.
• Aedes albopictus—this last one isn’t a virus; it is actually an insect. But it is worth mentioning, because in a 2015 study carrot seed essential oils were evaluated for their larvicidal activity against this Asian tiger mosquito, the essential oils resulted in greater than 80% larval mortality. Aedes albopictus carry and often spread dangerous viruses such as yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika and others to humans.

2. Has Antibacterial Properties

More recent findings in 2016 of the original 2013 study show that the essential oil of Daucus carota subsp. carota from Portugal, with high amounts of geranyl acetate (29.0%), α–pinene (27.2%), and 11αH–himachal–4–en–1β–ol (9.2%) showed antimicrobial activity against several Gram–positive and Gram–negative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophytes, and Aspergillus strains. The study results show that the oil was significantly more effective against Gram–positive bacteria.

The essential oil showed antibacterial potential against both Gram–positive strains (Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram–negative ones (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium), with significant activity towards against several yeasts (Candida strains, Cryptococcus neoformans), dermatophytes (Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton, and Microsporum spp.) and Aspergillus strains.

Even at low concentrations, the oil decreased both mass and viability of Candida albicans by more than 50%. Carrot seed essential oil exhibits anti–inflammatory potential by decreasing nitric oxide production in macrophages by around 20%, without decreasing viability. Moreover, the oil proved safe at very low concentrations on keratinocytes.

Because of its potent antiseptic properties, carrot seed oil can be applied to minor grazes, scratches, bites and wounds to help prevent bacterial infections.

3. Has Antifungal Properties

In the same study, the essential oil showed antifungal properties against Candida strains, a Cryptococcus neoformans strain, dermatophyte strains and Aspergillus strains. The oil was more effective against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophyte strains and much less effective against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.

Geranyl acetate demonstrated good antifungal effects against dermatophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans; but weak effects against Candida strains and Aspergillus spp. Similarly, α–pinene showed inhibitory effects against C. albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans as well as a potent effect against dermatophyte strains. The study pointed to the antifungal activity of limonene against several fungi strains.

A research study in 2017 showed carrot seed oil, isolated compounds (daucene, daucol, β–farnesene, β–elemene and β–cubebene), and derivatives of carotol showed antifungal potential at different concentrations against Alternaria triticina, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Ustilago segetum tritici. All the compounds showed fairly good antifungal activity against the tested fungi.

4. May Fight Cancer Cells

In a 2015 study, a Daucus carota oil extract was cytotoxic to human acute myeloid leukemia cells. The oil extract demonstrated a significant increase in cell death and decrease in cell proliferation, showing it possesses both antioxidant and promising anticancer activities against leukemia, colon cancer and breast cancer cell lines.

A 2011 animal study investigating the chemopreventive effects of carrot oil extract on induced skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) in mice. The oil extract delayed tumor appearance by 40%, and inhibited tumor incidence and yield by 89%.

5. Included as Part of Natural Sunscreen Option

An oft–cited study about the benefits of carrot seed oil was published in 2009 by the Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University in Raipur, India. The study investigated the efficacy of sunscreens containing various herbs for protecting skin from UVA and UVB rays. Research findings showed emulsions containing carrot seed oil had an SPF range of 15–40.

The compound umbelliferone, or 7–hydroxycoumarin found in carrot seed oil absorbs UVB light and is commonly used in sunscreens.‌

Due to the way natural ingredients interact to create the SPF in these emulsions, it is unlikely that carrot seed oil on its own has a significant enough SPF to be used in place of conventional sunscreens containing other chemicals. It does, however, mean it can be efficacious when used as part of a complete sunscreen formulation.

6. Powerful Antioxidant

One of the uses in traditional medicine for this oil was as a treatment for jaundice. Carrot seed oil contains powerful antioxidants that can help to protect against disease. These polyphenols were studied in animal tests for their liver–protecting (hepatoprotective) activities. In a 2012 study, carrot seed oil extract shielded the liver from oxidative stress, and in a 2015 study, the oil extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities and hepatoprotective effects against induced hepatotoxicity.

7. Gastrointestinal Tract Benefits

The alpha–pinene content of carrot seed essential oil showed gastroprotective effects and antiulcerogenic activity in a 2015 animal study. It was found to reduce the incidence of gastric ulcers.

8. Supports Skin and Hair Health

Traditionally, carrot seed oil is a popular beauty product for moisturizing skin and hair. It is safe for topical use. Its antioxidant content can protect skin and hair from free radical and sun damage, and combat the premature signs of aging like wrinkles and fine lines. Carrot seed oil is regenerative, meaning it can increase cell turnover. This oil is also known for helping brighten skin, which can help with hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin).

Carrot seed oil can be blended with other natural ingredients to create a healthier alternative to store–bought, chemical sunscreens.

Carrot Oil can also be used in a variety of serums, moisturizers and creams. Adding carrot seed oil with its high carotol content to your beauty regimen can help boost your skin’s health, tone and tighten the skin, and hydrate the cells. Carrot seed oil has excellent anti–inflammatory properties as well as antiseptic actions that may help treat several skin conditions including rosacea and psoriasis.

9. Potential for Anti–Aging Cosmetic Applications

In a 2019 study, cosmetic emulsions composed of carrot seed oil were evaluated for various physical, chemical, and biochemical parameters such as antioxidant activity, sun protection factor (SPF), skin irritation and biochemical studies. The study’s data suggest that these cosmetic emulsions have potential to be used for antiaging preparations.

Therapeutic Uses of Carrot Seed Oil

Carrot seed oil blends very well with other essential oils including cinnamon, lavender, juniper and geranium. It also blend well with citrus essential oils like lime, lemon and bergamot.

Carrot seed oil is one of the ingredients in our homemade carrot seed oil facial scrub that can help remove dead skin cells and leave your face feeling supple and glowing. The combination of ingredients in this scrub can help repair dry, damaged skin and aid in wrinkle prevention.

1. To Treat a Sunburn: Dilute carrot seed oil with some soothing aloe vera gel and apply it to the affected areas of your skin.
2. To Nourish Damaged Hair: Add 4–6 drops of carrot seed oil to your regular conditioner and use as usual.
3. Inhalation: You can inhale this essential oil directly from your hands or a handkerchief in order to bolster your mood.
4. Diffuse: Diffusing carrot seed essential oil in your home or office is a great way to relieve anxiety or stress and to help you focus.
5. Bath Soak: Add 5–6 drops of carrot seed essential oil to a hot bath, soak for at least 20 minutes for best results.

Carrot Seed Oil Substitutes

Chia seed oil a carrier oil with similar properties to carrot seed oil. It is regenerative, protective, and helps aging skin. It is less likely to clog pores and absorbs quickly into skin.

Evening primrose oil is another oil that helps reduce signs of aging and protects skin from further signs of aging. This oil is also great for people who are looking for deep hydration of the skin and it helps heal damaged skin. 

Precautions

Remember, carrot seed oil, carrot seed essential oil and carrot oil are distinctively different from one another, so pay special attention to which you’re actually purchasing. Carrot seed oil should always be from organic carrots (if available). Carrot seed oil can be used in essential oil diffusers and various aromatherapy practices.

It can also be applied topically directly on the skin to take advantage of its benefits. When applying carrot seed oil topically (on your skin), always perform a 24–hour skin patch test first using 1–2 drops, read how for further details. Store in tightly–sealed dark glass containers; in a cool, dark place away from light. Carrot seed oil can be found at most health food stores or online.

Many sources suggest using carrot seed oil in food recipes and ingesting it in a variety of ways. There has been no research conducted on the efficacy of ingesting this oil. In general, it is inadvisable to ingest any essential oils. If you do wish to utilize this product in this way, first consult with your primary care or naturopathic physician before ingesting it in any way.

Pregnant and nursing women should especially avoid ingesting it. If nursing or pregnant, consult your physician prior to using carrot seed oil. Do not use carrot seed oil on children. Some brands clearly labels their essential oils “KidSafe” on the bottle if it can be used on children ages 2–10. As with all carrier oil and essential oil products, be aware of the quality of what you purchase and always buy from reputable, well–sourced manufacturers.

Do not apply carrot seed oil directly to broken or damaged skin. Do not apply directly to open wounds. Never use carrot seed oil in eyes or in mucous membranes. If you experience an allergic reaction (externally or otherwise) after using carrot seed oil, discontinue use immediately and consult your physician. Carrot seed oil has no known medicinal interactions.

Always dilute carrot seed oil with a carrier oil due to its high concentration and high comedogenic rating. Common carrier oils you could use include babassu, argan, sunflower, sweet almond or hemp seed. Begin with a small percentage dilution ratio, and patch test on skin to see how your skin reacts, increasing the percentage dilution gradually until you see the desired results.

In general, essential oils should never be used by people who suffer from epilepsy, as they could be overstimulating to the central nervous system, possibly leading to seizures.

Carrot seed oil contains high amounts of furanocoumarins, which could potentially increase sun sensitivity (photosensitivity) in the skin. It could also potentially cause other symptoms of hypersensitivity, as well as contact dermatitis. Take care when exposing your skin to the sun in the first 48 hours after applying the oil, and be sure to wear proper sunscreen.

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